Enye yezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile zezimoto ezintsha zamandla amabhethri kagesi. Ikhwalithi yamabhethri inquma izindleko zezimoto zikagesi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye nobubanzi bokushayela kwezimoto zikagesi ngakolunye uhlangothi. Isici esibalulekile sokwamukelwa nokwamukelwa ngokushesha.
Ngokwezici zokusetshenziswa, izidingo kanye nezinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri kagesi, izinhlobo zocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri kagesi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe cishe ziyi: amabhethri e-lead-acid, amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium, amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride, amabhethri e-lithium-ion, amaseli kaphethiloli, njll., phakathi kwazo ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuthola ukunakwa okukhulu.
Ukuziphatha kokukhiqiza ukushisa kwebhethri lamandla
Umthombo wokushisa, izinga lokukhiqizwa kokushisa, umthamo wokushisa webhethri kanye nezinye izinhlaka ezihlobene zemojuli yebhethri lamandla zihlobene kakhulu nohlobo lwebhethri. Ukushisa okukhishwa yibhethri kuncike kuhlobo lwamakhemikhali, olwemishini nolwegesi kanye nezici zebhethri, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lokusabela kwe-electrochemical. Amandla okushisa akhiqizwa ekusabeleni kwebhethri angabonakaliswa ukushisa kwe-Qr yokusabela kwebhethri; i-polarization ye-electrochemical ibangela ukuthi i-voltage yangempela yebhethri iphambuke emandleni ayo e-electromotive equilibrium, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okubangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kwebhethri kuvezwa yi-Qp. Ngaphezu kokusabela kwebhethri okuqhubekayo ngokwe-equation yokusabela, kukhona nezinye izimpendulo eziseceleni. Izimpendulo eziseceleni ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi ukubola kwe-electrolyte kanye nokuzikhipha kwebhethri. Ukushisa kokusabela okuseceleni okukhiqizwa kule nqubo yi-Qs. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba noma yiliphi ibhethri lizoba nokumelana ngokungenakugwenywa, ukushisa kwe-Joule Qj kuzokhiqizwa lapho ugesi udlula. Ngakho-ke, ukushisa okuphelele kwebhethri kuyisamba sokushisa salezi zici ezilandelayo: Qt=Qr+Qp+Qs+Qj.
Kuye ngenqubo ethile yokushaja (ukukhipha), izici eziyinhloko ezibangela ibhethri ukuthi likhiqize ukushisa nazo zihlukile. Isibonelo, lapho ibhethri livame ukushaja, i-Qr iyisici esiyinhloko; futhi esigabeni sakamuva sokushaja ibhethri, ngenxa yokubola kwe-electrolyte, ukusabela okuseceleni kuqala ukwenzeka (ukushisa kokusabela okuseceleni yi-Qs), lapho ibhethri selicishe lishajeke ngokugcwele futhi lishajeke kakhulu, Okwenzeka kakhulu ukubola kwe-electrolyte, lapho i-Qs ibusa khona. I-Joule heat Qj incike kumanje kanye nokumelana. Indlela yokushaja evame ukusetshenziswa yenziwa ngaphansi komanje oqhubekayo, kanti i-Qj iyinani elithile ngalesi sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuqala nokusheshisa, umanje uphakeme kakhulu. Ku-HEV, lokhu kulingana nombane wamashumi ama-ampere kuya kumakhulu ama-ampere. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Joule heat Qj inkulu kakhulu futhi iba umthombo oyinhloko wokukhishwa kokushisa kwebhethri.
Ngokombono wokulawulwa kokuphathwa kokushisa, izinhlelo zokuphathwa kokushisa (I-HVH) ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: esebenzayo kanye nengasebenzi. Ngokombono wendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa, izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa zingahlukaniswa zibe: ezipholile emoyeni (Isifudumezi Somoya se-PTC), okupholiswe ngoketshezi (Isifudumezi se-PTC Coolant), kanye nesitoreji sokushisa esishintsha isigaba.
Ukuze kudluliselwe ukushisa nge-coolant (PTC Coolant Heater) njenge-medium, kubalulekile ukusungula ukuxhumana kokudluliselwa kokushisa phakathi kwe-module kanye ne-liquid medium, njenge-water jacket, ukuze kuqhutshwe ukushisa nokupholisa okungaqondile ngendlela ye-convection kanye ne-heat conduction. I-heat transfer medium ingaba amanzi, i-ethylene glycol noma i-Refrigerant. Kukhona futhi ukudluliselwa kokushisa okuqondile ngokucwilisa ingxenye ye-pole ku-liquid ye-dielectric, kodwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela kumele zithathwe ukuze kugwenywe i-short circuit.
Ukupholisa okupholile okungasebenzi ngokuvamile kusebenzisa ukushintshana kokushisa komoya okuzungezile uketshezi bese kungenisa ama-cocoon ebhethri ukuze kushintshwe ukushisa kwesibili, kuyilapho ukupholisa okusebenzayo kusebenzisa ukushintshana kokushisa okuphakathi kwe-coolant-liquid yenjini, noma ukushisa ngogesi kwe-PTC/ukushisa uwoyela oshisayo ukuze kufezwe ukupholisa okuyinhloko. Ukushisa, ukupholisa okuyinhloko nge-air/air conditioner refrigerant-liquid medium yegumbi labagibeli.
Ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ukushisa ezisebenzisa umoya noketshezi njengendlela yokuxhumana, isakhiwo sikhulu kakhulu futhi siyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yesidingo samafeni, amaphampu amanzi, ama-heat exchanger, ama-heater, amapayipi nezinye izesekeli, futhi siphinde sisebenzise amandla ebhethri futhi sinciphise amandla ebhethri.
Uhlelo lokupholisa ibhethri olupholiswe ngamanzi lusebenzisa i-coolant (50% amanzi/50% i-ethylene glycol) ukudlulisa ukushisa kwebhethri ohlelweni lwesiqandisi somoya olupholisayo nge-cooler yebhethri, bese luyiswa endaweni ezungezile nge-condenser. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi okungena kwebhethri lipholiswa yibhethri Kulula ukufinyelela izinga lokushisa eliphansi ngemva kokushintshana kokushisa, futhi ibhethri lingalungiswa ukuze lisebenze ebangeni lokushisa elisebenza kahle kakhulu; isimiso sesistimu siboniswe esithombeni. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu yesiqandisi zifaka: i-condenser, i-compressor kagesi, i-evaporator, i-expansion valve ene-shut-off valve, i-battery cooler (expansion valve ene-shut-off valve) kanye namapayipi omoya opholile, njll.; isekethe yamanzi okupholisa ifaka: ipompo yamanzi kagesi, ibhethri (kufaka phakathi amapuleti okupholisa), ama-cooler ebhethri, amapayipi amanzi, amathangi okwandisa nezinye izesekeli.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-27-2023
