Enye yezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile zezimoto ezintsha zamandla amabhethri kagesi. Ikhwalithi yamabhethri inquma izindleko zezimoto zikagesi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye nobubanzi bokushayela kwezimoto zikagesi ngakolunye uhlangothi. Isici esibalulekile sokwamukelwa nokwamukelwa ngokushesha.
Ngokwezici zokusetshenziswa, izidingo kanye nezinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri kagesi, izinhlobo zocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri kagesi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe cishe ziyi: amabhethri e-lead-acid, amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium, amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride, amabhethri e-lithium-ion, amaseli kaphethiloli, njll., phakathi kwazo ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuthola ukunakwa okukhulu.
Ukuziphatha kokukhiqiza ukushisa kwebhethri lamandla
Umthombo wokushisa, izinga lokukhiqizwa kokushisa, umthamo wokushisa webhethri kanye nezinye izinhlaka ezihlobene zemojuli yebhethri lamandla zihlobene kakhulu nohlobo lwebhethri. Ukushisa okukhishwa yibhethri kuncike kuhlobo lwamakhemikhali, olwemishini nolwegesi kanye nezici zebhethri, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lokusabela kwe-electrochemical. Amandla okushisa akhiqizwa ekusabeleni kwebhethri angabonakaliswa ukushisa kwe-Qr yokusabela kwebhethri; i-polarization ye-electrochemical ibangela ukuthi i-voltage yangempela yebhethri iphambuke emandleni ayo e-electromotive equilibrium, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okubangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kwebhethri kuvezwa yi-Qp. Ngaphezu kokusabela kwebhethri okuqhubekayo ngokwe-equation yokusabela, kukhona nezinye izimpendulo eziseceleni. Izimpendulo eziseceleni ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi ukubola kwe-electrolyte kanye nokuzikhipha kwebhethri. Ukushisa kokusabela okuseceleni okukhiqizwa kule nqubo yi-Qs. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba noma yiliphi ibhethri lizoba nokumelana ngokungenakugwenywa, ukushisa kwe-Joule Qj kuzokhiqizwa lapho ugesi udlula. Ngakho-ke, ukushisa okuphelele kwebhethri kuyisamba sokushisa salezi zici ezilandelayo: Qt=Qr+Qp+Qs+Qj.
Kuye ngenqubo ethile yokushaja (ukukhipha), izici eziyinhloko ezibangela ibhethri ukuthi likhiqize ukushisa nazo zihlukile. Isibonelo, lapho ibhethri livame ukushaja, i-Qr iyisici esiyinhloko; futhi esigabeni sakamuva sokushaja ibhethri, ngenxa yokubola kwe-electrolyte, ukusabela okuseceleni kuqala ukwenzeka (ukushisa kokusabela okuseceleni yi-Qs), lapho ibhethri selicishe lishajeke ngokugcwele futhi lishajeke kakhulu, Okwenzeka kakhulu ukubola kwe-electrolyte, lapho i-Qs ibusa khona. I-Joule heat Qj incike kumanje kanye nokumelana. Indlela yokushaja evame ukusetshenziswa yenziwa ngaphansi komanje oqhubekayo, kanti i-Qj iyinani elithile ngalesi sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuqala nokusheshisa, umanje uphakeme kakhulu. Ku-HEV, lokhu kulingana nombane wamashumi ama-ampere kuya kumakhulu ama-ampere. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Joule heat Qj inkulu kakhulu futhi iba umthombo oyinhloko wokukhishwa kokushisa kwebhethri.
Ngokombono wokulawulwa kokuphathwa kokushisa, izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi. Ngokombono wendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa, izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa zingahlukaniswa zibe: isitoreji sokushisa esipholile emoyeni, esipholile ngoketshezi, kanye nesitoreji sokushisa esishintsha isigaba.
Ukuphathwa kokushisa ngomoya njengendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa
I-heat transfer medium inomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kanye nezindleko zesistimu yokuphatha ukushisa. Ukusetshenziswa komoya njenge-heat transfer medium ukwethula umoya ngqo ukuze ugeleze nge-module yebhethri ukuze kufezwe injongo yokushabalalisa ukushisa. Ngokuvamile, kudingeka amafeni, umoya wokungena kanye nowe-outlet kanye nezinye izingxenye.
Ngokwemithombo ehlukene yokungenisa umoya, ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
1 Ukupholisa okungenamsebenzi okunomoya ophumayo ngaphandle
2. Ukupholisa/ukushisa okungenamsebenzi komoya wokungenisa umoya egumbini labagibeli
3. Ukupholisa/ukushisa okusebenzayo komoya wangaphandle noma wegumbi lomgibeli
Isakhiwo sesistimu esingasebenzi silula kakhulu futhi sisebenzisa ngqo indawo ekhona. Isibonelo, uma ibhethri idinga ukufudunyezwa ebusika, indawo eshisayo egumbini labagibeli ingasetshenziswa ukuphefumula umoya. Uma izinga lokushisa lebhethri liphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushayela futhi umphumela wokupholisa womoya egumbini labagibeli ungalungile, umoya obandayo ovela ngaphandle ungaphefumulwa ukuze uphole.
Kuhlelo olusebenzayo, kudingeka kusungulwe uhlelo oluhlukile ukuze lunikeze imisebenzi yokushisa noma yokupholisa futhi lulawulwe ngokuzimela ngokwesimo sebhethri, okwandisa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezindleko zemoto. Ukukhetha izinhlelo ezahlukene kuncike kakhulu ezidingweni zokusetshenziswa kwebhethri.
Ukuphathwa kokushisa ngoketshezi njengendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa
Ukuze kudluliselwe ukushisa ngoketshezi njengendlela yokuxhumana, kuyadingeka ukusungula ukuxhumana kokudluliselwa kokushisa phakathi kwemoduli kanye nendawo yokuxhumana yoketshezi, njengejakethi lamanzi, ukuze kuqhutshwe ukushisa nokupholisa okungaqondile ngendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa kanye nokuqhuba ukushisa. Indawo yokuxhumana yokudlulisa ukushisa ingaba amanzi, i-ethylene glycol noma ngisho ne-Refrigerant. Kukhona futhi ukudluliselwa kokushisa okuqondile ngokucwilisa ingxenye yepole oketshezini lwe-dielectric, kodwa kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukufudumala ukuze kugwenywe ukujikeleza okufushane.
Ukupholisa uketshezi olungasebenzi ngokuvamile kusebenzisa ukushintshanisa ukushisa komoya okuzungezile uketshezi bese kungenisa ama-cocoon ebhethri ukuze kushintshwe ukushisa kwesibili, kuyilapho ukupholisa okusebenzayo kusebenzisa ukushintshanisa ukushisa okuphakathi kwe-coolant-liquid yenjini, noma ukushisa ngogesi/ukushisa uwoyela oshisayo ukuze kufezwe ukupholisa okuyinhloko. Ukushisa, ukupholisa okuyinhloko nge-air/air conditioner refrigerant-liquid medium yegumbi labagibeli.
Uhlelo lokuphatha ukushisa olunomoya kanye noketshezi njengethuluzi ludinga amafeni, amaphampu amanzi, ama-heat exchanger, ama-heater (Isifudumezi somoya se-PTC), amapayipi nezinye izesekeli zokwenza isakhiwo sibe sikhulu kakhulu futhi sibe yinkimbinkimbi, futhi sisebenzisa amandla ebhethri, uhlu Ubuningi bamandla kanye nobuningi bamandla ebhethri buyehliswa.
(I-PTC coolanti-heater) Uhlelo lokupholisa ibhethri olupholiswe ngamanzi lusebenzisa i-coolant (amanzi angu-50%/50% i-ethylene glycol) ukudlulisa ukushisa kusuka ebhethrini kuye ohlelweni lwesiqandisi somoya opholile ngokusebenzisa i-cooler yebhethri, bese kufinyelela endaweni ezungezile ngokusebenzisa i-condenser. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elingenisiwe kulula ukulifinyelela ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi ngemva kokushintshana kokushisa yi-cooler yebhethri, futhi ibhethri lingalungiswa ukuze lisebenze ezingeni lokushisa elisebenza kahle kakhulu; isimiso sesistimu siboniswe esithombeni. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu yesiqandisi zifaka: i-condenser, i-compressor kagesi, i-evaporator, i-expansion valve ene-stop valve, i-battery cooler (i-expansion valve ene-stop valve) kanye namapayipi okupholisa umoya, njll.; isekethe yamanzi okupholisa ihlanganisa:iphampu yamanzi kagesi, ibhethri (kufaka phakathi amapuleti okupholisa), ama-cooler ebhethri, amapayipi amanzi, amathangi okwandisa nezinye izesekeli.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-13-2023
