Umongo wokuphathwa kokushisa ukuthi umoya opholile usebenza kanjani: "Ukugeleza kokushisa nokushintshana"
Ukuphathwa kokushisa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kuhambisana nomgomo wokusebenza kwama-air conditioner asekhaya. Zombili zisebenzisa umgomo "wokujikeleza kwe-Carnot" ukushintsha isimo se-refrigerant ngomsebenzi we-compressor, ngaleyo ndlela zishintshana ngokushisa phakathi komoya nesiqandisi ukuze kufezwe ukupholisa nokushisa. Umongo wokuphathwa kokushisa "ukugeleza kokushisa nokushintshana". Ukuphathwa kokushisa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kuhambisana nomgomo wokusebenza kwama-air conditioner asekhaya. Zombili zisebenzisa umgomo "wokujikeleza kwe-Carnot" ukushintsha isimo se-refrigerant ngomsebenzi we-compressor, ngaleyo ndlela zishintshana ngokushisa phakathi komoya nesiqandisi ukuze kufezwe ukupholisa nokushisa. Ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngamasekethe amathathu: 1) Isekethe yemoto: ikakhulukazi yokushabalalisa ukushisa; 2) Isekethe yebhethri: idinga ukulungiswa kokushisa okuphezulu, okudinga kokubili ukushisa nokupholisa; 3) Isekethe ye-Cockpit: idinga kokubili ukushisa nokupholisa (okuhambisana nokupholisa nokufudumala komoya). Indlela yayo yokusebenza ingaqondwa kalula njengokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zesekethe ngayinye zifinyelela izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elifanele. Isiqondiso sokuthuthukisa ukuthi amasekethe amathathu axhunywe ngokulandelana futhi ahambisana ukuze kufezwe ukuhlangana nokusetshenziswa kokubanda nokushisa. Isibonelo, i-air conditioner yemoto idlulisela ukupholisa/ukushisa okukhiqizwayo ekhabini, okuyi-"air conditioner circuit" yokuphathwa kokushisa; isibonelo sesiqondiso sokuthuthukisa: ngemva kokuba isekethe yokupholisa umoya kanye nesekethe yebhethri kuxhunywe ngochungechunge/ngokufanayo, isekethe yokupholisa umoya inikeza isekethe yebhethri ukupholisa/ Ukushisa kuyisisombululo "sokuphatha ukushisa" esisebenzayo (izingxenye zesekethe yebhethri ezonga/ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla). Umongo wokuphathwa kokushisa ukuphatha ukuhamba kokushisa, ukuze ukushisa kugeleze endaweni lapho "kudingeka khona"; futhi ukuphathwa kokushisa okungcono kakhulu "ukonga amandla futhi kusebenze kahle" ukuze kufezwe ukugeleza nokushintshaniswa kokushisa.
Ubuchwepheshe bokufeza le nqubo buvela eziqandisini ezisebenzisa umoya opholile. Ukupholisa/ukushisa kweziqandisini ezisebenzisa umoya opholile kufezwa ngesimiso "somjikelezo we-Carnot obuyela emuva". Kalula nje, isiqandisini sicindezelwa yi-compressor ukuze sishise, bese isiqandisini esishisayo sidlula ku-condenser bese sikhipha ukushisa siye endaweni yangaphandle. Kule nqubo, isiqandisini esisebenza e-exothermic siphendukela ekushiseni okujwayelekile bese singena ku-evaporator ukuze sande ukuze sinciphise izinga lokushisa, bese sibuyela ku-compressor ukuze siqale umjikelezo olandelayo ukuze kufezwe ukushintshaniswa kokushisa emoyeni, futhi i-valve yokwandisa kanye ne-compressor yizona ezibaluleke kakhulu kulezi zingxenye zenqubo. Ukuphathwa kokushisa kwezimoto kusekelwe kulesi simiso ukuze kufezwe ukuphathwa kokushisa kwezimoto ngokushintshana ukushisa noma ukubanda kusuka kusekethe yokupholisa umoya kuya kwezinye izifunda.
Izimoto zamandla ezintsha zakuqala zinezisekethe zokulawula ukushisa ezizimele kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphansi. Izisekethe ezintathu (i-air conditioner, ibhethri, kanye ne-motor) zesistimu yokulawula ukushisa kwasekuqaleni zazisebenza ngokuzimela, okungukuthi, isekethe ye-air conditioner yayinomthwalo wemfanelo wokupholisa nokushisa kwe-cockpit kuphela; isekethe yebhethri yayinomthwalo wemfanelo wokulawula ukushisa kwebhethri kuphela; kanti isekethe yemoto yayinomthwalo wemfanelo wokupholisa imoto kuphela. Le modeli ezimele ibangela izinkinga ezifana nokuzimela phakathi kwezingxenye kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Ukubonakaliswa okuqondile kakhulu ezimotweni zamandla amasha yizinkinga ezifana nezisekethe zokulawula ukushisa eziyinkimbinkimbi, impilo yebhethri ebuthakathaka, kanye nesisindo somzimba esengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kokushisa ukwenza izisekethe ezintathu zebhethri, i-motor, kanye ne-air conditioner zisebenzisane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ziqaphele ukusebenzisana kwezingxenye namandla ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kufezwe ivolumu encane yezingxenye, isisindo esilula kanye nokuphila kwebhethri isikhathi eside.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kokushisa kuyinqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngendlela eyongayo
Buyekeza umlando wokuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kokushisa kwezizukulwane ezintathu zezimoto ezintsha zamandla, futhi i-valve enezindlela eziningi iyinto edingekayo yokuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kokushisa.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kokushisa kuyinqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngokuqhathanisa okufushane ngenhla, kungatholakala ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo lwamanje oluthuthuke kakhulu, uhlelo lokuqala lokuphathwa kokushisa lunokubambisana okukhulu phakathi kwezifunda, ukuze kufezwe ukwabelana kwezingxenye kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okufanayo. Sibheka ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kokushisa ngokombono wabatshalizimali. Asidingi ukuqonda izimiso zokusebenza zazo zonke izingxenye, kodwa ukuqonda okucacile kokuthi isifunda ngasinye sisebenza kanjani kanye nomlando wokuvela kwezifunda zokuphathwa kokushisa kuzosenza sikwazi ukubikezela ngokucacile. Nquma isiqondiso sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yezifunda zokuphathwa kokushisa, kanye nezinguquko ezihambisanayo enanini lezingxenye. Ngakho-ke, okulandelayo kuzobukeza kafushane umlando wokuvela kwezinhlelo zokuphathwa kokushisa ukuze sikwazi ukuthola amathuba okutshala imali esikhathini esizayo ndawonye.
Ukuphathwa kokushisa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kuvame ukwakhiwa ngamasekethe amathathu. 1) Isekethe yomoya opholile: Isekethe esebenzayo nayo iyisekethe enenani eliphakeme kakhulu ekuphathweni kokushisa. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukulungisa izinga lokushisa lekhabhini nokuxhumanisa nezinye isekethe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngokuvamile inikeza ukushisa ngesimiso se-PTC(Isifudumezi Sokupholisa se-PTC/Isifudumezi Somoya se-PTC) noma ipompo yokushisa futhi inikeza ukupholisa ngesimiso somoya opholile; 2) Isekethe yebhethri: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwebhethri ukuze ibhethri lihlale ligcina izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elihle kakhulu, ngakho-ke le sekethe idinga ukushisa nokupholisa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokwezimo ezahlukene; 3) Isekethe yemoto: Imoto izokhiqiza ukushisa lapho isebenza, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lokusebenza libanzi. Ngakho-ke isekethe idinga isidingo sokupholisa kuphela. Sibona ukuvela kokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu nokusebenza kahle ngokuqhathanisa izinguquko zokuphathwa kokushisa kwamamodeli amakhulu eTesla, iModel S kuya kuModel Y. Sekukonke, uhlelo lokuphathwa kokushisa lwesizukulwane sokuqala: ibhethri lipholisiwe emoyeni noma lipholisiwe ngoketshezi, i-air conditioner ifudunyezwa yi-PTC, kanti uhlelo lokushayela ngogesi lupholisiwe ngoketshezi. Amasekethe amathathu agcinwa ngokufana futhi asebenza ngokuzimela komunye nomunye; uhlelo lokuphathwa kokushisa lwesizukulwane sesibili: Ukupholisa uketshezi lwebhethri, ukushisa kwe-PTC, ukupholisa uketshezi lokulawula ngogesi lwemoto, ukusetshenziswa kokushisa okulahlwa yimoto kagesi, ukujula kokuxhumana ochungechungeni phakathi kwezinhlelo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye; Uhlelo lokuphatha ukushisa lwesizukulwane sesithathu: ukushisa komoya opholile wepompo yokushisa, ukushisa kwe-motor stall Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kuyajula, izinhlelo zixhunywe ngochungechunge, futhi isekethe iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ihlanganiswe kakhulu. Sikholelwa ukuthi umongo wokuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kokushisa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla: kusekelwe ekugelezeni kokushisa kanye nokushintshana kobuchwepheshe bokupholisa umoya, ukuze 1) kugwenywe umonakalo wokushisa; 2) kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla; 3) kusetshenziswe kabusha izingxenye ukuze kufezwe ukwehla kwevolumu kanye nesisindo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-12-2023
