Ingqikithi yokuphathwa kwe-thermal yindlela isimo somoya esisebenza ngayo: "Ukugeleza kokushisa nokushintshana"
Ukuphathwa okushisayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha kuhambisana nesimiso sokusebenza sama-air conditioner asendlini.Bobabili basebenzisa isimiso "somjikelezo we-Carnot ohlanekezelwe" ukushintsha ukwakheka kwesiqandisi ngomsebenzi we-compressor, ngaleyo ndlela bashintshanisa ukushisa phakathi komoya nesiqandisi ukuze bathole ukupholisa nokushisisa.Ingqikithi yokuphathwa kwe-thermal "i-heat flow and exchange".Ukuphathwa okushisayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha kuhambisana nesimiso sokusebenza sama-air conditioner asendlini.Bobabili basebenzisa isimiso "somjikelezo we-Carnot ohlanekezelwe" ukushintsha ukwakheka kwesiqandisi ngomsebenzi we-compressor, ngaleyo ndlela bashintshanisa ukushisa phakathi komoya nesiqandisi ukuze bathole ukupholisa nokushisisa.Ihlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko ibe yiziyingi ezintathu: 1) I-motor circuit: ikakhulukazi ukuchithwa kokushisa;2) Isekethe yebhethri: idinga ukulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okudinga kokubili ukushisa nokupholisa;3) Isekhethi ye-Cockpit: idinga kokubili ukushisa nokupholisa (okuhambisana nokupholisa umoya nokufudumeza).Indlela yayo yokusebenza ingaqondakala kalula njengokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zesifunda ngasinye zifinyelela izinga lokushisa elifanele lokusebenza.Isikhombisi-ndlela esithuthukisiwe ukuthi amasekhethi amathathu axhunywe ochungechungeni futhi ayahambisana ukuze abone ukuluka kanye nokusetshenziswa kokubanda nokushisa.Isibonelo, i-air conditioner yemoto idlulisa ukupholisa/ukushisa okukhiqizwa kukhabhinethi, "okuyisiyingi somoya" wokuphatha ukushisa;isibonelo sesiqondiso sokuthuthukisa: ngemva kokuba isekethe ye-air conditioning kanye nesekhethi yebhethri kuxhunywe ochungechungeni/ngokuhambisanayo, isekethe ye-air conditioning ihlinzeka isekethe yebhethri ngokupholisa/ Ukushisa "kuyisixazululo sokuphatha okushisayo" (ukugcina izingxenye zesekhethi yebhethri/amandla ukusetshenziswa kahle).Ingqikithi yokuphathwa kokushisa ukuphatha ukugeleza kokushisa, ukuze ukushisa kugeleze endaweni lapho "it" idingeka khona;kanye nokuphatha okushisayo okungcono kakhulu "ukonga amandla nokusebenza kahle" ukuze kubonakale ukugeleza nokushintshisana kokushisa.
Ubuchwepheshe bokufeza le nqubo buvela eziqandisini ezine-air-conditioning.Ukupholisa/ukushisisa kweziqandisi ezine-air-conditioning kufinyelelwa ngomgomo "we-reverse Carnot cycle".Kalula nje, isiqandisi sicindezelwa yi-compressor ukuze sishise, bese isiqandisi esishisayo sidlula ku-condenser bese sikhulula ukushisa endaweni yangaphandle.Kule nqubo, isiqandisi se-exothermic siphenduka sibe izinga lokushisa elivamile bese singena ku-evaporator ukuze sandise ukuze siqhubeke sinciphisa izinga lokushisa, bese sibuyela ku-compressor ukuze siqale umjikelezo olandelayo ukuze sibone ukushintshana kokushisa emoyeni, futhi i-valve yokwandisa kanye ne-compressor ezibucayi kakhulu kule nqubo izingxenye.Ukuphathwa kwezimoto ezishisayo kusekelwe kulesi simiso ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphathwa kokushisa kwemoto ngokushintshanisa ukushisa noma ukubanda kusuka kusekethe ye-air conditioning kuya kwamanye amasekhethi.
Izimoto zakuqala zamandla amasha zinamasekhethi okuphatha okushisayo azimele kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphansi.Amasekhethi amathathu (i-air conditioner, ibhethri, kanye ne-motor) yesistimu yokuphatha ukushisa kwasekuqaleni yayisebenza ngokuzimela, okungukuthi, isifunda se-air conditioner sasibophezele kuphela ukupholisa nokushisa kwe-cockpit;umjikelezo webhethri wawunomthwalo wemfanelo kuphela wokulawula izinga lokushisa kwebhethri;futhi umjikelezo we-motor wawunesibopho sokupholisa injini kuphela.Le modeli ezimele idala izinkinga ezinjengokuzimela phakathi kwezingxenye nokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla.Ukubonakaliswa okuqondile kakhulu ezimotweni zamandla amasha yizinkinga ezifana namasekhethi okuphatha okushisayo, impilo yebhethri engeyinhle, kanye nesisindo somzimba esengeziwe.Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuthuthukisa yokuphatha okushisayo iwukwenza amasekhethi amathathu ebhethri, motor, kanye ne-air conditioner basebenzisane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi abone ukusebenzisana kwezingxenye namandla ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuzuzwe umthamo wengxenye encane, elula. isisindo kanye nempilo ende yebhethri.imayela.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwe-thermal kuyinqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwengxenye kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla
Buyekeza umlando wokuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa okushisayo kwezizukulwane ezintathu zezimoto zamandla amasha, futhi i-valve ye-multi-way iyingxenye edingekayo yokuthuthukiswa kokuphatha okushisayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kokushisa kuyinqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla.Ngokuqhathanisa kafushane ngenhla, kungatholakala ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nesistimu yamanje ethuthuke kakhulu, uhlelo lokuqala lokuphatha okushisayo lunokuxhumana okwengeziwe phakathi kwamasekhethi, ukuze kuzuzwe ukwabelana ngezingxenye kanye nokusebenzisana kwamandla.Sibheka ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwe-thermal ngokombono wabatshalizimali.Asidingi ukuqonda izimiso zokusebenza zazo zonke izingxenye, kodwa ukuqonda okucacile kokuthi isifunda ngasinye sisebenza kanjani kanye nomlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wamasekethe okuphatha okushisayo kuzosivumela ukuba sibikezele ngokucacile.Nquma isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo samasekhethi okuphatha okushisayo, kanye nezinguquko ezihambisanayo enanini lezingxenye.Ngakho-ke, okulandelayo kuzobuyekeza kafushane umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wezinhlelo zokuphatha ezishisayo ukuze sithole amathuba okutshala izimali esikhathini esizayo ndawonye.
Ukuphathwa okushisayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha kuvame ukwakhiwa ngamasekethe amathathu.I-1) Isekethe ye-Air-conditioning: Isekethe esebenzayo iphinde ibe yisekethe enenani eliphakeme kakhulu ekulawuleni okushisayo.Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukulungisa izinga lokushisa le-cabin kanye nokuxhumanisa nezinye izifunda ngokuhambisana.Ivamise ukunikeza ukushisa ngomgomo we-PTC(I-PTC Coolant heater/I-PTC Air heater) noma iphampu yokushisa futhi inikeza ukupholisa ngesimiso sokupholisa umoya;2) Isekethe yebhethri : Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwebhethri ukuze ibhethri ihlale igcina izinga lokushisa elingcono kakhulu lokusebenza, ngakho-ke lesi sifunda sidinga ukushisa nokupholisa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokuvumelana nezimo ezahlukene;3) Isekhethi yezimoto: Injini izokhiqiza ukushisa lapho isebenza, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lokusebenza libanzi.Ngakho-ke isifunda sidinga isidingo sokupholisa kuphela.Sibheka ukuvela kokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu nokusebenza kahle ngokuqhathanisa izinguquko zokulawula ukushisa kwamamodeli amakhulu we-Tesla, i-Model S kuya ku-Model Y. Sekukonke, isistimu yokulawula ukushisa okushisayo kwesizukulwane sokuqala: ibhethri lipholile emoyeni noma lipholile, i-air conditioner. ishisiswe yi-PTC, futhi isistimu yokushayela kagesi ipholile.Amasekhethi amathathu ngokuyisisekelo agcinwa ngokuhambisana futhi asebenza ngokuzimela komunye nomunye;uhlelo lwesizukulwane sesibili lokulawula okushisayo : Ukupholisa uketshezi lwebhethri, ukufudumeza kwe-PTC, ukupholisa uketshezi lwe-motor electric control, ukusetshenziswa kokushisa kwemfucuza kagesi kagesi, ukujula kochungechunge lokuxhuma phakathi kwezinhlelo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye;isizukulwane sesithathu sokulawula okushisayo: ipompo yokushisa yokushisa umoya wokushisa, ukushisa kwe-motor stall Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kuyajula, izinhlelo zixhunywe ochungechungeni, futhi isifunda siyinkimbinkimbi futhi siqhubeka sihlanganiswe kakhulu.Sikholelwa ukuthi ingqikithi yokuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kokushisa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla: ngokusekelwe ekugelezeni kokushisa nokushintshaniswa kobuchwepheshe be-air-conditioning, ku-1) ukugwema ukulimala okushisayo;2) ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla;3) sebenzisa kabusha izingxenye ukuze uzuze ivolumu nokunciphisa isisindo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-12-2023
