Izimoto ezintsha zamandla yizimoto ezingathembeli enjinini yokushisa yangaphakathi njengomthombo wazo oyinhloko wamandla, futhi zibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwama-motor kagesi. Ibhethri lingashajwa ngenjini eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-port yokushaja yangaphandle, amandla elanga, amandla amakhemikhali noma ngisho namandla e-hydrogen.
Isigaba 1: Imoto kagesi yokuqala emhlabeni yavela kakade maphakathi nekhulu le-19, futhi le moto kagesi yayiwumsebenzi wezizukulwane ezimbili.
Eyokuqala kwakuyidivayisi yokudlulisa ugesi eyaqedwa ngo-1828 ngunjiniyela waseHungary u-Aacute nyos Jedlik elabhorethri yakhe. Imoto yokuqala kagesi yabe isicwengisiswa yi-American Anderson phakathi kuka-1832 no-1839. Ibhethri elalisetshenziswa kule moto kagesi lalilula futhi lingagcwali kabusha. Ngo-1899 kwasungulwa injini yehabhu lamasondo yi-Porsche yaseJalimane ukuze ithathe indawo ye-chain drive eyayivame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kwalandelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwemoto kagesi i-Lohner-Porsche, eyayisebenzisa ibhethri le-lead-acid njengomthombo wayo wamandla futhi yayiqhutshwa ngqo yimoto yehabhu lamasondo emasondweni angaphambili - imoto yokuqala eyayibizwa ngegama le-Porsche.
Isigaba 2: Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwavela ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini yokushisa yangaphakathi, okwasusa imoto kagesi kuphela emakethe.
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bezinjini, ukusungulwa kwenjini yokushisa yangaphakathi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamasu okukhiqiza, imoto kaphethiloli yathuthukisa inzuzo enkulu phakathi nalesi sigaba. Ngokungafani nokuphazamiseka kokushaja izimoto zikagesi, lesi sigaba sibone ukuhoxiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kuphela emakethe yezimoto.
Isigaba 3: Ngawo-1960, inkinga kawoyela yaletha ukugxila okusha ezimotweni zikagesi kuphela.
Ngalesi sigaba, izwekazi laseYurophu lase livele liphakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, isikhathi lapho inkinga kawoyela yayigqanyiswe khona njalo nalapho isintu saqala ukucabanga ngezinhlekelele zemvelo ezandayo ezingase zibangelwe. Ubukhulu obuncane benjini kagesi, ukuntuleka kokungcola, ukuntuleka kwentuthu yokukhipha umoya kanye nomsindo ophansi kwaholela ekuvuseleleni isithakazelo ezimotweni zikagesi kuphela. Ziqhutshwa yimali, ubuchwepheshe bokushayela izimoto zikagesi bathuthuka kakhulu kuleyo minyaka eyishumi, izimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile zathola ukunakwa okwengeziwe futhi izimoto zikagesi ezincane zaqala ukuthatha imakethe evamile, njengezimoto zokuhamba zenkundla yegalofu.
Isigaba 4: Iminyaka yawo-1990 yabona ukulibaziseka kobuchwepheshe bebhethri, okwabangela abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi ukuba bashintshe indlela.
Inkinga enkulu eyaphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi ngawo-1990 kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri okubambezelekile. Akukho ntuthuko enkulu emabhethrini okwaholela ekungaphumelelini kobubanzi bebhokisi lokushaja, okwenza abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi babhekane nezinselele ezinkulu. Abakhiqizi bezimoto zendabuko, ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela emakethe, baqala ukuthuthukisa izimoto ezixubile ukuze banqobe izinkinga zamabhethri amafushane kanye nobubanzi. Lesi sikhathi simelelwa kakhulu yi-PHEV plug-in hybrids kanye ne-HEV hybrids.
Isigaba 5: Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, kwaba nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bebhethri futhi amazwe aqala ukusebenzisa izimoto zikagesi ngezinga elikhulu.
Kulesi sigaba, ubuningi bebhethri banda, kanti izinga lobubanzi bezimoto zikagesi nalo landa ngesivinini samakhilomitha angu-50 ngonyaka, futhi ukusebenza kwamandla kwezinjini zikagesi kwakungasabuthakathaka njengokwezinye izimoto zikaphethiloli ezikhipha uphethiloli omncane.
Isigaba 6: Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kwaqhutshwa amandla okukhiqiza izimoto ezintsha zamandla amelwe yiTesla.
I-Tesla, inkampani engenalo ulwazi ekukhiqizeni izimoto, ikhule isuka ekubeni yinkampani encane yezimoto zikagesi esafufusa yaba yinkampani yezimoto yomhlaba wonke eminyakeni eyi-15 nje kuphela, yenza lokho i-GM kanye nabanye abaholi bezimoto abangenakukwenza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-17-2023
