Namuhla, izinkampani zezimoto ezahlukahlukene zisebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium ngezinga elikhulu kumabhethri kagesi, futhi ubuningi bamandla buya bukhuphuka, kodwa abantu basaphazanyiswa ukuphepha kwamabhethri kagesi, futhi akusona isisombululo esihle sokuphepha kwamabhethri. Ukushisa okuhambayo kuyinjongo eyinhloko yocwaningo lokuphepha kwamabhethri kagesi, futhi kufanelekile ukugxila kukho.
Okokuqala, ake siqonde ukuthi kuyini ukugoba kwe-thermal. Ukugoba kwe-thermal kuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa yochungechunge lwe-chain reaction ebangelwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene ezibangela ukushisa, okuholela ekushiseni okukhulu kanye namagesi ayingozi akhishwa yibhethri esikhathini esifushane, okungabangela ngisho nebhethri ukuthi libambe umlilo futhi liqhume ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuvela kokugoba kwe-thermal, njengokushisa ngokweqile, ukushaja ngokweqile, i-internal short circuit, ukushayisana, njll.. Ukugoba kwe-thermal yebhethri kuvame ukuqala kusukela ekuwohlokeni kwefilimu ye-negative SEI kuseli yebhethri, kulandelwe ukugoba nokuncibilika kwe-diaphragm, okuholela ku-electrode engemihle kanye ne-electrolyte, kulandelwe ukugoba kwe-electrode engemihle kanye ne-electrolyte, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele i-internal short circuit enkulu, okubangela ukuthi i-electrolyte ishise, bese isakazekela kwamanye amaseli, okubangela ukugoba okukhulu kwe-thermal futhi kuvumele lonke iphakethe lebhethri ukuthi likhiqize ukusha okuzenzakalelayo.
Izimbangela zokubaleka kokushisa zingahlukaniswa zibe yizimbangela zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Izimbangela zangaphakathi zivame ukubangelwa yizijikelezo ezimfushane zangaphakathi; izimbangela zangaphandle zibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwemishini, ukusetshenziswa kabi kukagesi, ukusetshenziswa kabi kokushisa, njll.
I-internal short circuit, okuwukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwama-terminal amahle nangalungile ebhethri, kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngezinga lokuxhumana kanye nokusabela okulandelayo okubangelwayo. Ngokuvamile i-internal short circuit enkulu ebangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwemishini nokushisa izobangela ngqo ukuqhuma kokushisa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-internal short circuits ezivelela zodwa zincane kakhulu, futhi ukushisa ezikukhiqizayo kuncane kakhulu kangangokuthi akukuqalisi ngokushesha ukuqhuma kokushisa. Ukuzithuthukisa kwangaphakathi kuvame ukufaka amaphutha okukhiqiza, ukuwohloka kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene okubangelwa ukuguga kwebhethri, njengokumelana kwangaphakathi okwandisiwe, amadiphozithi ensimbi ye-lithium abangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabi isikhathi eside, njll. Njengoba isikhathi siqoqana, ingozi ye-internal short circuit ebangelwa izimbangela ezinjalo zangaphakathi izokhula kancane kancane.
Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwemishini, kubhekisela ekuguqukeni kwe-lithium battery monomer kanye nebhethri pack ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle, kanye nokufuduka okuhlobene kwezingxenye ezahlukene zayo. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezimelene neseli kagesi zifaka phakathi ukushayisana, ukukhishwa kanye nokubhoboza. Isibonelo, into yangaphandle ethintwe yimoto ngesivinini esikhulu yaholela ngqo ekuweni kwe-diaphragm yangaphakathi yebhethri, okwabangela i-short circuit ngaphakathi kwebhethri futhi kwabangela ukusha okuzenzakalelayo esikhathini esifushane.
Ukusetshenziswa kabi kukagesi kwamabhethri e-lithium ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi i-external short circuit, i-overcharge, i-over discharge izinhlobo eziningana, okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ikhule ibe yi-thermal runaway ibe yi-overcharge. I-external short circuit yenzeka lapho ama-conductor amabili ane-differential pressure exhunywe ngaphandle kweseli. Ama-short angaphandle emaphaketheni ebhethri angabangelwa ukuguquguquka okubangelwa ukushayisana kwezimoto, ukucwiliswa emanzini, ukungcola komqhubi noma ukushaqeka kukagesi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Ngokuvamile, ukushisa okukhishwe kwi-external short circuit akushisi ibhethri ngokungafani nokubhoboza. Isixhumanisi esibalulekile phakathi kwe-external short circuit kanye ne-thermal runaway ukushisa okufinyelela endaweni yokushisa kakhulu. Kulapho ukushisa okukhiqizwa yi-external short circuit kungenakuqedwa kahle lapho izinga lokushisa lebhethri likhuphuka khona futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu libangela i-thermal runaway. Ngakho-ke, ukusika ugesi we-short-circuit noma ukuqeda ukushisa okweqile kuyizindlela zokuvimbela i-external short circuit ukuthi idale umonakalo owengeziwe. I-overcharge, ngenxa yokugcwala kwayo amandla, ingenye yezingozi eziphezulu zokusetshenziswa kabi kukagesi. Ukukhiqizwa kokushisa negesi kuyizimpawu ezimbili ezivamile zenqubo yokushaja ngokweqile. Ukukhiqizwa kokushisa kuvela ekushiseni kwe-ohmic kanye nokusabela okuseceleni. Okokuqala, ama-dendrite e-lithium akhula phezu kwe-anode ngenxa yokushumeka ngokweqile kwe-lithium.
Izindlela zokuvikela ukushisa okubalekayo:
Esigabeni sokushisa esizikhiqizela sona ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugobhoza kokushisa kwenhliziyo, sinezinketho ezimbili, eyodwa ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa izinto zenhliziyo, umongo wokugobhoza kokushisa ulele kakhulu ekuzinzeni kwezinto ze-electrode ezinhle nezimbi kanye ne-electrolyte. Esikhathini esizayo, sidinga futhi ukwenza impumelelo ephezulu ekumbozweni kwezinto ze-cathode, ukuguqulwa, ukuhambisana kwe-electrolyte efanayo kanye ne-electrode, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuqhutshwa kokushisa kwenhliziyo. Noma khetha i-electrolyte ephephile kakhulu ukuze idlale umphumela wokugobhoza komlilo. Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izixazululo zokuphatha ukushisa ezisebenzayo (Isifudumezi Sokupholisa se-PTC/ Isifudumezi Somoya se-PTC) kusuka ngaphandle ukucindezela ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwebhethri le-Li-ion, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ifilimu ye-SEI yeseli ngeke ikhuphukele ezingeni lokushisa lokuncibilika, futhi ngokwemvelo, ukuqhuma kokushisa ngeke kwenzeke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-17-2023
