1. Izici zamabhethri e-lithium ezimoto ezintsha zamandla
Amabhethri e-lithium ikakhulukazi anezinzuzo zesilinganiso esiphansi sokuzikhipha, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, izikhathi zokujikeleza eziphakeme, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ukusebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium njengedivayisi yamandla eyinhloko yamandla amasha kufana nokuthola umthombo omuhle wamandla. Ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye eziyinhloko zezimoto ezintsha zamandla, iphakethe lebhethri le-lithium elihlobene neseli lebhethri le-lithium seliye laba yingxenye yalo eyinhloko ebaluleke kakhulu kanye nengxenye eyinhloko enikeza amandla. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusebenza kwamabhethri e-lithium, kunezidingo ezithile zemvelo ezungezile. Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlola, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elihle ligcinwa ku-20°C kuya ku-40°C. Uma izinga lokushisa elizungeze ibhethri lidlula umkhawulo ocacisiwe, ukusebenza kwebhethri le-lithium kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi impilo yesevisi izoncishiswa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa elizungeze ibhethri le-lithium liphansi kakhulu, amandla okukhipha okokugcina kanye ne-voltage yokukhipha kuzophambuka esimisweni esibekiwe, futhi kuzoba nokwehla okukhulu.
Uma izinga lokushisa elizungezile liphezulu kakhulu, amathuba okubaleka kokushisa kwebhethri le-lithium azokwanda kakhulu, futhi ukushisa kwangaphakathi kuzohlangana endaweni ethile, okubangela izinkinga ezinkulu zokuqongelela ukushisa. Uma le ngxenye yokushisa ingenakuthuthwa kalula, kanye nesikhathi eside sokusebenza sebhethri le-lithium, ibhethri livame ukuqhuma. Le ngozi yokuphepha ibeka usongo olukhulu ekuphepheni komuntu siqu, ngakho-ke amabhethri e-lithium kumele athembele kumadivayisi okupholisa kagesi ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kokuphepha kwemishini iyonke lapho isebenza. Kungabonakala ukuthi lapho abacwaningi belawula izinga lokushisa lamabhethri e-lithium, kumele basebenzise amadivayisi angaphandle ngokuhlakanipha ukuthumela ukushisa futhi balawule izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elifanele lamabhethri e-lithium. Ngemva kokuba ukulawula izinga lokushisa kufinyelele amazinga afanele, umgomo wokushayela ophephile wezimoto ezintsha zamandla ngeke usongelwe.
2. Indlela yokukhiqiza ukushisa kwebhethri le-lithium yamandla emoto entsha
Nakuba lawa mabhethri angasetshenziswa njengamadivayisi kagesi, enkambisweni yokusetshenziswa kwangempela, umehluko phakathi kwawo usobala kakhulu. Amanye amabhethri anezinkinga ezinkulu, ngakho abakhiqizi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla kufanele bakhethe ngokucophelela. Isibonelo, ibhethri le-lead-acid linikeza amandla anele egatsheni eliphakathi, kodwa lizobangela umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ezungezile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwalo, futhi lo monakalo ngeke ulungiseke kamuva. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha kwemvelo, izwe libeke amabhethri e-Lead-acid afakiwe ohlwini oluvinjelwe. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride athole amathuba amahle, ubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukiswa buye bakhula kancane kancane, futhi ububanzi bokusetshenziswa nabo bunwetshiwe. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium, izinkinga zawo zisobala kancane. Isibonelo, kunzima kubakhiqizi bamabhethri abavamile ukulawula izindleko zokukhiqiza amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride. Ngenxa yalokho, intengo yamabhethri e-nickel-hydrogen emakethe ihlale iphezulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zezimoto zamandla eziphishekela ukusebenza kwezindleko ngeke zicabange ukuzisebenzisa njengezingxenye zezimoto. Okubaluleke kakhulu, amabhethri e-Ni-MH azwela kakhulu ekushiseni okuzungezile kunamabhethri e-lithium, futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi abambe umlilo ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu. Ngemva kokuqhathaniswa okuningi, amabhethri e-lithium ayavela futhi manje asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni ezintsha zamandla.
Isizathu sokuthi amabhethri e-lithium anganikeza amandla ezimotweni zamandla amasha yingoba ama-electrode awo amahle nangalungile anezinto ezisebenzayo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushumeka nokukhipha izinto njalo, kutholakala inani elikhulu lamandla kagesi, bese kuthi ngokwesimiso sokuguqulwa kwamandla, amandla kagesi kanye namandla e-kinetic. Ukufeza injongo yokushintshana, ngaleyo ndlela kulethwa amandla aqinile ezimotweni zamandla amasha, kungafezwa injongo yokuhamba nemoto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho iseli lebhethri le-lithium libhekana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali, lizoba nomsebenzi wokudonsa ukushisa nokukhulula ukushisa ukuze kuqedwe ukuguqulwa kwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-athomu ye-lithium ayimile, ingahamba njalo phakathi kwe-electrolyte ne-diaphragm, futhi kukhona ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-polarization.
Manje, ukushisa kuzokhishwa ngendlela efanele. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa elizungeze ibhethri le-lithium lezimoto ezintsha zamandla liphezulu kakhulu, okungaholela kalula ekuqhekekeni kwezihlukanisi ezinhle nezimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwebhethri elisha le-lithium lamandla kwakhiwe ngamaphakethe amaningi ebhethri. Ukushisa okukhiqizwa yiwo wonke amaphakethe ebhethri kudlula kakhulu okwebhethri elilodwa. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula inani elinqunyiwe, ibhethri lithambekele kakhulu ekuqhumeni.
3. Ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bohlelo lokuphatha ukushisa kwebhethri
Kuhlelo lokuphathwa kwamabhethri lwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, kokubili ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, lunikeze ukunakwa okuphezulu, lwaqala uchungechunge locwaningo, futhi lwathola imiphumela eminingi. Lesi sihloko sizogxila ekuhlolweni okunembile kwamandla ebhethri asele ohlelweni lokuphathwa kokushisa kwamabhethri ezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ukuphathwa kwebhalansi yebhethri kanye nobuchwepheshe obubalulekile obusetshenziswa kuuhlelo lokuphatha ukushisa.
3.1 Indlela yokuhlola amandla asele ohlelo lokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri
Abacwaningi batshale amandla amaningi kanye nemizamo ejulile ekuhlolweni kwe-SOC, ikakhulukazi besebenzisa ama-algorithms edatha yesayensi njenge-ampere-hour integral method, i-linear model method, i-neural network method kanye ne-Kalman filter method ukwenza inani elikhulu lokuhlola kokulingisa. Kodwa-ke, amaphutha okubala avame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwale ndlela. Uma iphutha lingalungiswa ngesikhathi, igebe phakathi kwemiphumela yokubala lizoba likhulu kakhulu. Ukuze balungise lesi sici, abacwaningi bavame ukuhlanganisa indlela yokuhlola ye-Anshi nezinye izindlela ukuqinisekisana, ukuze bathole imiphumela enembile kakhulu. Ngedatha enembile, abacwaningi bangalinganisa ngokunembile ugesi wokukhipha webhethri.
3.2 Ukuphathwa okulinganiselayo kohlelo lokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri
Ukuphathwa kwebhalansi yesistimu yokuphatha ukushisa kwebhethri kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlanganisa i-voltage namandla engxenye ngayinye yebhethri lamandla. Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri ahlukene ezingxenyeni ezahlukene, amandla kanye ne-voltage kuzohluka. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphathwa kwebhalansi kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuqeda umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Ukungahambisani. Njengamanje kuyindlela yokuphatha ibhalansi esetshenziswa kakhulu
Ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukulingana okwenziwa ngaphandle kanye nokulingana okusebenzayo. Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa, izimiso zokusebenzisa ezisetshenziswa yilezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezindlela zokulinganisa zihlukile kakhulu.
(1) Ibhalansi engasebenzi. Isimiso sokulinganisa okungasebenzi sisebenzisa ubudlelwano obulinganayo phakathi kwamandla ebhethri ne-voltage, ngokusekelwe kudatha ye-voltage yochungechunge olulodwa lwamabhethri, futhi ukuguqulwa kwalokhu okubili ngokuvamile kufezwa ngokukhishwa kokumelana: amandla ebhethri enamandla aphezulu akhiqiza ukushisa ngokushisa kokumelana, Bese ehlakazeka emoyeni ukuze kufezwe injongo yokulahlekelwa amandla. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokulinganisa ayithuthukisi ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwebhethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukuhlakazeka kokushisa kungalingani, ibhethri ngeke likwazi ukuqeda umsebenzi wokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri ngenxa yenkinga yokushisa ngokweqile.
(2) Ibhalansi esebenzayo. Ibhalansi esebenzayo iwumkhiqizo othuthukisiwe webhalansi engasebenzi, ohlanganisa ubuthakathaka bebhalansi engasebenzi. Ngokombono wesimiso sokuqaphela, isimiso sokulinganisa okusebenzayo asibhekiseli esimisweni sokulinganisa okungasebenzi, kodwa samukela umqondo omusha ohluke ngokuphelele: ukulinganisa okusebenzayo akuguquli amandla kagesi ebhethri abe amandla okushisa bese kuhlakazeka, ukuze amandla aphezulu adluliselwe. Amandla avela ebhethri adluliselwe ebhethrini elinamandla aphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lokudlulisa aluphuli umthetho wokongiwa kwamandla, futhi lunezinzuzo zokulahlekelwa okuphansi, ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa okuphezulu, kanye nemiphumela esheshayo. Kodwa-ke, isakhiwo sokwakheka kokuphathwa kwebhalansi siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uma iphuzu lebhalansi lingalawulwa kahle, lingabangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka ephaketheni lebhethri lamandla ngenxa yobukhulu balo obukhulu. Ngamafuphi, kokubili ukuphathwa kwebhalansi okusebenzayo kanye nokuphathwa kwebhalansi engasebenzi kunezinzuzo nezinzuzo. Ezinhlelweni ezithile, abacwaningi bangenza izinqumo ngokuya ngomthamo kanye nenani lezintambo zamaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium. Amabhethri e-lithium anamandla aphansi futhi anenani eliphansi afanele ukuphathwa kokulinganisa okungenamsebenzi, kanti amabhethri e-lithium anamandla aphezulu futhi anenani eliphezulu afanele ukuphathwa kokulinganisa okusebenzayo.
3.3 Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obusetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri
(1) Nquma izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elifanele kakhulu lebhethri. Uhlelo lokuphatha ukushisa lusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa elizungeze ibhethri, ngakho-ke ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokusetshenziswa kohlelo lokuphatha ukushisa, ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile obuthuthukiswe abacwaningi busetshenziswa kakhulu ukunquma izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lebhethri. Uma nje izinga lokushisa lebhethri ligcinwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele, ibhethri le-lithium lingahlala lisesimweni esihle kakhulu sokusebenza, linikeze amandla anele okusebenza kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kwebhethri le-lithium kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kungahlala kusesimweni esihle kakhulu.
(2) Ukubalwa kwebanga lokushisa kwebhethri kanye nokubikezela izinga lokushisa. Lobu buchwepheshe buhilela inani elikhulu lezibalo zemodeli yezibalo. Ososayensi basebenzisa izindlela zokubala ezihambisanayo ukuthola umehluko wokushisa ngaphakathi kwebhethri, futhi basebenzise lokhu njengesisekelo sokubikezela ukuziphatha kokushisa okungenzeka kwebhethri.
(3) Ukukhethwa kwe-heat transfer medium. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwesistimu yokuphatha ukushisa kuncike ekukhethweni kwe-heat transfer medium. Iningi lezimoto zamandla ezintsha zamanje zisebenzisa umoya/isibandisi njengendlela yokupholisa. Le ndlela yokupholisa ilula ukuyisebenzisa, iphansi ezindleleni zokukhiqiza, futhi ingafeza kahle injongo yokushabalalisa ukushisa kwebhethri. (Isifudumezi Somoya se-PTC/Isifudumezi Sokupholisa se-PTC)
(4) Sebenzisa umklamo wesakhiwo sokungenisa umoya kanye nokusabalalisa ukushisa okuhambisanayo. Umklamo wokungenisa umoya kanye nokusabalalisa ukushisa phakathi kwamaphakethe ebhethri le-lithium ungandisa ukugeleza komoya ukuze usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwamaphakethe ebhethri, uxazulule ngempumelelo umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwamamojula ebhethri.
(5) Ukukhetha iphuzu lokulinganisa ifeni kanye nokushisa. Kule module, abacwaningi basebenzise inani elikhulu lokuhlola ukwenza izibalo zethiyori, base besebenzisa izindlela ze-fluid mechanics ukuthola amanani okusetshenziswa kwamandla efeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, abacwaningi bazosebenzisa izakhi ezilinganiselwe ukuthola iphuzu lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa elifanele kakhulu ukuze bathole idatha yokushisa yebhethri ngokunembile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-10-2024
