Ukubaluleka kwamabhethri kagesi njengomthombo wamandla oyinhloko wezimoto ezintsha zamandla kusobala. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kwezimoto, ibhethri lizobhekana nezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlukahlukene. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ibanga lokushayela, izimoto zidinga ukuhlela amaseli ebhethri amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni ethile, ngakho isikhala sephakethe lebhethri emotweni sincane kakhulu. Amabhethri akhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto futhi aqongelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ezindaweni ezincane. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwamaseli ebhethri ngaphakathi kwephakethe lebhethri, kwenza kube nzima futhi ukusabalalisa ukushisa endaweni ephakathi, okwandisa ukungalingani kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwamaseli. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri futhi kuthinte amandla alo; Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungaholela nasekubalekeni kokushisa, kuthinte ukuphepha nokuphila kwesikhathi sohlelo.
Izinga lokushisa lamabhethri kagesi linomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwawo, isikhathi sokuphila kwawo, kanye nokuphepha kwawo. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, amabhethri e-lithium-ion angase athole ukwanda kokumelana kwangaphakathi kanye nokwehla kwamandla. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lokhu kungaholela ekuqandeni kwe-electrolyte kanye nokungakwazi kwebhethri ukukhipha. Ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kwesistimu yebhethri kuthinteka kakhulu, okuholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kokukhipha amandla kanye nokwehla kobubanzi bokushayela bezimoto zikagesi. Uma ishaja izimoto ezintsha zamandla ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphansi, i-BMS ngokuvamile ifudumeza ibhethri ekushiseni okufanele ngaphambi kokushaja. Uma ingaphathwa kahle, ingabangela ukushaja ngokweqile kwamandla kagesi, okuholela ezijikelezweni ezimfushane zangaphakathi, okungase kuholele ekubhemeni, emlilweni, ngisho nasekuqhumeni. Izinkinga zokuphepha zokushaja kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi ezinhlelweni zamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi zivimbele kakhulu ukukhushulwa kwezimoto zikagesi ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Ukuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethriingenye yemisebenzi ebalulekile ku-BMS, ikakhulukazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphakethe lebhethri lingasebenza ngaphakathi kwezinga lokushisa elifanele, ngaleyo ndlela ligcine isimo sokusebenza esifanele sephakethe lebhethri.ukuphathwa kokushisa kwamabhethriikakhulukazi ihlanganisa imisebenzi efana nokupholisa, ukushisa, kanye nokulinganisela izinga lokushisa. Imisebenzi yokupholisa kanye nokushisa ilungiswa kakhulu ngokuya ngomthelela ongaba khona wokushisa kwemvelo kwangaphandle ebhethrini. Ibhalansi lokushisa isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa umehluko wokushisa ngaphakathi kwephakethe lebhethri nokuvimbela ukubola okusheshayo okubangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile kwengxenye ethile yebhethri.
Ngokuvamile, izindlela zokupholisa zamabhethri kagesi zihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezintathu: ukupholisa umoya, ukupholisa uketshezi, kanye nokupholisa okuqondile. Imodi yokupholisa umoya isebenzisa umoya wemvelo noma umoya opholile ovela egumbini labagibeli ukuze udlule ebusweni bebhethri ukuze kushintshwe ukushisa kanye nokupholisa. Ukupholisa uketshezi ngokuvamile kusebenzisa amapayipi okupholisa azimele ukushisa noma ukupholisa amabhethri kagesi. Njengamanje, le ndlela iyindlela eyinhloko yokupholisa, njengoba isetshenziswa yiTesla neVolt. Uhlelo lokupholisa oluqondile lususa ipayipi lokupholisa lebhethri lamandla futhi lusebenzisa ngqo i-refrigerant ukupholisa ibhethri lamandla.
1. Uhlelo lokupholisa umoya:
Amabhethri kagesi okuqala, ngenxa yomthamo wawo omncane kanye nobuningi bamandla, ayevame ukupholiswa umoya opholile. Ukupholisa umoya kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: ukupholisa umoya wemvelo kanye nokupholisa umoya okuphoqelelwe (kusetshenziswa amafeni), asebenzisa umoya wemvelo noma umoya obandayo ovela ekhabhini ukupholisa ibhethri.
Abameleli abajwayelekile bezinhlelo ezipholiswe ngomoya bahlanganisa iNissan Leaf, iKia Soul EV, njll.; Njengamanje, amabhethri angu-48V ezimoto ezincane ze-48V ezihlanganisiwe ngokuvamile ahlelwe endaweni yabagibeli futhi apholiswe ngokupholisa umoya. Umdwebo wendlela yokupholisa umoya webhethri elithile lamandla uboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Isakhiwo sesistimu epholiswe umoya silula, ubuchwepheshe buvuthiwe, futhi izindleko ziphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokushisa okulinganiselwe okuthwalwa umoya, ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kuphansi, futhi izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lebhethri alilihle, okwenza kube nzima ukufeza ukulawula okunembile izinga lokushisa lebhethri. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo ezipholiswe umoya ngokuvamile zifanelekela izimo ezinebanga lokushayela elifushane kanye nesisindo semoto esincane.
2. Uhlelo lokupholisa oluwuketshezi
Imodi yokupholisa uketshezi ibhekisela ebhethrini esebenzisa uketshezi lokupholisa ukushintshanisa ukushisa, futhi umdwebo walo weskimu uboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. I-Coolerant ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukuxhumana ngqo namaseli ebhethri (uwoyela we-silicone, uwoyela we-castor, njll.) kanye nokuxhumana namaseli ebhethri ngemigudu yamanzi (amanzi ne-ethylene glycol, njll.); Njengamanje, izixazululo ezixubile zamanzi ne-ethylene glycol zivame ukusetshenziswa. Izinhlelo zokupholisa uketshezi ngokuvamile zengeza i-chiller ehambisana nomjikelezo wokuqandisa, osusa ukushisa ebhethrini nge-refrigerant; Izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko yi-compressor, i-chiller, kanyeiphampu yamanzi. I-compressor, njengomthombo wamandla okupholisa, inquma amandla okudlulisa ukushisa kwesistimu yonke. I-chiller idlala indima ekushintsheni kwe-refrigerant kanye ne-coolant, futhi inani lokushintshana kokushisa linquma ngqo izinga lokushisa le-coolant. Iphampu yamanzi inquma izinga lokugeleza kwe-coolant epayipini, futhi uma izinga lokugeleza lishesha, kulapho ukusebenza kokudlulisa ukushisa kuba ngcono, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
3. Uhlelo lokupholisa oluqondile:
Uhlelo lokupholisa ngqo lusebenzisa isiqandisi sesistimu yokupholisa umoya ukupholisa ibhethri lamandla ngqo, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 11. Isiqandisi sesistimu yokupholisa umoya sifakwe ngqo ohlelweni lwebhethri, bese isiqandisi siyahwamuka ku-evaporator ukuze sisuse ngqo ukushisa okukhiqizwa uhlelo lwebhethri, ngaleyo ndlela sifeze inqubo yokupholisa esheshayo nephumelelayo. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezisebenzisa ukupholisa okuqondile, kanti okujwayelekile kakhulu yi-BMW i3. Ngenxa yokungabikho kokushintshana kokushisa okuphakathi phakathi koketshezi, uhlelo lokupholisa lunesakhiwo esincane, ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa okuphezulu (okuphindwe kathathu-4 kunokupholisa koketshezi), kanye nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu. Kodwa inkinga itholakala eqinisweni lokuthi ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwegesi noketshezi lwe-refrigerant epayipini, ukulawulwa kohlelo lonke kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ukufana kwezinga lokushisa kubi. Futhi inezidingo eziphezulu zokumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu nokuvalwa kohlelo, okubeka ingozi enkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwayo emotweni yonke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-27-2026
