1. Izinhlelo Zokuphatha Ukushisa Kwebhethri Lamandla
Ibhethri lamandla lisebenza njengomthombo wamandla wezimoto zikagesi. Ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri, ibhethri ngokwalo likhiqiza inani elithile lokushisa, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lokushisa. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu, nawo athinta imingcele eminingi yokusebenza kwebhethri—njengokumelana kwangaphakathi, i-voltage, i-State of Charge (SOC), umthamo otholakalayo, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri, kanye nesikhathi sebhethri iyonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yokushisa ngaphakathi kwebhethri ingathinta kabi ukusebenza kanye nokuphila komjikelezo wemoto yonke. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphathwa kokushisa okuphumelelayo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kwebhethri, kwandise isikhathi sayo sokuphila, futhi ekugcineni kwandise ibanga lokushayela kwemoto.Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kokushisa Kwebhethri Lamandla (i-BTMS)kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yebhethri yamandla ezimoto. Imelela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obuklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri iyonke ngokubhekana nezinkinga ezifana nokubaleka kokushisa noma ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okweqile okuvela lapho amabhethri esebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezibucayi (kungaba phezulu kakhulu noma phansi kakhulu). Ngokusekelwe ebangeni lokushisa elifanele kakhulu lebhethri elithile—futhi elisekelwe umthelela wokushisa ekusebenzeni kwebhethri, kanye nezici ze-electrochemical ezihlukile zebhethri kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza ukushisa—i-I-BTMSisungulwa ngomklamo onengqondo. Lo mklamo usebenzisa isisekelo semikhakha eminingi esihlanganisa isayensi yezinto zokwakha, i-electrochemistry, ukudluliselwa kokushisa, kanye ne-molecular dynamics. Izinhlelo ezahlukene zokuphatha ukushisa ziyahlukahluka ngokwesakhiwo sezingxenye, isisindo, izindleko, kanye namasu okulawula; lokhu kuhlukahluka kuphumela emazingeni ahlukene okusebenza afinyelelwa uhlelo ngalunye oluthile.
2. Uchungechunge Lwemboni Yesistimu Yokuphathwa Kokushisa Kwamabhethri Amandla
Uhlelo lokuphatha ukushisa kwebhethri lamandla luqukethe ngokuyinhloko amadivayisi okuqapha izinga lokushisa, uhlelo lokupholisa, uhlelo lokushisa, kanye neyunithi yokulawula. Ingxenye ephezulu yochungechunge lwemboni ye-BTMS ihlanganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa—njenge-aluminium, izinto ezihambisa ukushisa, ama-granule epulasitiki, ama-coolant, ama-sealant, kanye nama-adhesive—kanye nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinzwa zokushisa,Izinto ze-PTC, amapuleti abandayo, ama-cooler,Izifudumezi ze-HV,ama-compressor omoya kagesi, abalandeli be-elekthronikhi, kanye nama-valve okunweba. Ingxenye ephakathi nendawo igxile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa kwebhethri lamandla. Abakhiqizi kulesi sigaba baklama futhi bathuthukise izixazululo zokuphatha ukushisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezilungiselelwe izici ezithile zamaphakethe ebhethri ezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto—kufaka phakathi usayizi wazo, isisindo, indawo, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza—bese benza ukucubungula izingxenye kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwazo ukuze bakhiqize izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa ezihlanganiswe ngokugcwele. Ingxenye engezansi yochungechunge lwemboni iqukethe izimoto ezintsha zamandla, ezihlanganisa kokubili izimoto zabagibeli kanye nezimoto zezentengiselwano.
3. Isimo Samanje Sokuthuthukiswa Kohlelo Lokuphathwa Kokushisa Kwebhethri Lamandla
Ukuphathwa kokushisa kwezimoto kuhilela indlela ephelele yokuxhumanisa, ukwenza ngcono, nokulawula ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zezimoto kanye nezinhlelo ezincane—njengenjini, umoya opholile, ibhethri, kanye nemoto kagesi—ngokombono wemoto yonke. Umgomo wayo ukuxazulula ngempumelelo izinkinga zokushisa zemoto yonke, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imodyuli ngayinye esebenzayo isebenza ngaphakathi kobubanzi bayo bokushisa obufanele, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukonga kukaphethiloli wemoto kanye nokusebenza okuguquguqukayo ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile. Izinhlelo zokuphathwa kokushisa zezimoto ezintsha zamandla (ama-NEV) zavela kulezo zezimoto ezivamile ezisebenzisa uphethiloli; zifaka izinto ezabiwe ezitholakala ezinhlelweni ezivamile—njengokupholisa injini kanye nomoya opholile—ngenkathi zengeza izinhlelo zokupholisa zezingxenye ezintsha eziqondene nama-NEV, kufaka phakathi ibhethri, imoto kagesi, kanye namayunithi okulawula kagesi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izwe lami likhuthaze ngamandla intuthuko yezimboni ezihlobene nama-NEV, likhipha uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zokusekela eziqinile zomkhakha. Njengoba imboni ye-NEV iqhubeka nokukhula, imakethe yesistimu yokuphathwa kokushisa—isixhumanisi esibalulekile ku-NEV supply chain—ingenise amathuba amasha okukhula. Ngo-2024, usayizi wemakethe wezinhlelo zokuphathwa kokushisa ezihlanganisweni ze-NEV eziphelele wafinyelela ku-RMB eyizigidigidi ezingama-54.398, okumele ukukhula konyaka nonyaka okungu-21.32%.
Ukuphathwa kokushisa kwe-NEV kuqukethe ngokuyinhloko izingxenye ezine ezibalulekile: uhlelo lokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri, uhlelo lokupholisa umoya lwezimoto, uhlelo lokupholisa lwemoto kagesi kanye nezilawuli ze-elekthronikhi, kanye nohlelo lokupholisa olunciphisayo. Phakathi kwalokhu, uhlelo lokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri lamandla e-NEV lwenzelwe ngqo ukulawula izinga lokushisa kwebhethri nokunciphisa umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwamaphuzu ashisa kakhulu napholile ngaphakathi kwephakethe lebhethri. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri lamandla lihlala ngaphakathi kwebanga lalo lokushisa lokusebenza elifanele, ngaleyo ndlela livikele ukusebenza kwalo kokushaja nokukhipha, ukuphepha, kanye nokuphila kwesevisi, ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphisa ingozi yokushisa okuzenzakalelayo okubangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile kwebhethri kuma-NEV. Njengoba izinga lokungena emakethe lama-NEV liqhubeka nokukhula, isidingo sokusekela izinhlelo zokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri lamandla sikhula ngokulinganayo. Ngo-2024, isidingo semakethe sezinhlelo zokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri lamandla ezweni lakithi safinyelela kumasethi ayizigidi ezingu-3.6795.
4. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindlela Zokuthuthukiswa Embonini Yokuphathwa Kokushisa Kwamabhethri Amandla YaseShayina
Esikhathini esizayo, ubuchwepheshe bokuphathwa kokushisa kwamabhethri kagesi buzothuthuka bube nokusebenza kahle okukhulu, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokwanda kokuzinza kwemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuqhutshwa ukwanda okusheshayo kwemakethe yezimoto ezintsha zamandla (i-NEV), okulindelwe ngabasebenzisi maqondana nobubanzi, amakhono okushaja okusheshayo, ukuphepha, kanye nokuphila kwesevisi kukhuphuka njalo—okufuna amazinga aphezulu okusebenza avela kumabhethri kagesi. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlelo zokuphathwa kokushisa kwamabhethri kagesi zesikhathi esizayo zizoncika kakhulu ezinzwa nasezinhlelweni ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kufezwe ukulawula okunembile kanye nokuphathwa kokubikezela kwamazinga okushisa kwamaseli ebhethri ngamanye. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-IoT kanye ne-big data, lezi zinhlelo zizoqapha isimo sokusebenza kwamaphakethe ebhethri ngesikhathi sangempela, zivumele ukutholakala kanye nokuxazululwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwezinkinga ezingaba khona zokushisa ngokweqile noma ukupholisa ngokweqile, ngaleyo ndlela zandise ngempumelelo isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri futhi zithuthukise ukuzinza kanye nokuthembeka kwesistimu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri obusebenza kahle kakhulu—njengamaseli amakhulu ayisilinda—kudinga ukwenziwa ngcono okuqondiwe kwezinhlelo zokuphathwa kokushisa. Ukuqhubekela phambili, izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa kwamabhethri kagesi ezweni lami zizofaka izinto zokusabalalisa ukushisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nemiklamo yesakhiwo—njengezinto zokupholisa uketshezi noma zokushintsha isigaba—ukwehlisa amazinga okushisa ebhethri ngempumelelo, kuncishiswe ingozi yokubaleka kokushisa, futhi kuqiniswe ukusebenza kokuphepha kwemoto iyonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa zesikhathi esizayo zizogcizelela kakhulu intuthuko esimeme; izinto ezintsha ezinobungani nemvelo—njenge-polymers ezisekelwe ku-bio kanye nezinto ezingaphili—zizohlanganiswa kancane kancane kulezi zinhlelo ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela emvelweni ngenkathi kugcinwa amazinga okusebenza aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obunamandla aphezulu buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa kumele zibhekane nokulungiswa okuhambisanayo nokuthuthukiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zobuningi bamandla azitholakali ngokubeka eceleni ukuphepha nokuzinza. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi ukwakheka kwezinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa kubhekele ngokugcwele izakhiwo ze-thermophysical kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali kwezinto zebhethri, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside nokwethembekile kohlelo lonke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-27-2026
