Phakathi kwezingxenye eziyinhloko zebhasi likagesi elihlanzekile, ibhethri elinamandla lifana "nenhliziyo" yemoto. Ukusebenza kwayo, ukuphepha, kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwayo kunquma ngqo ububanzi bebhasi, ukuthembeka kokusebenza, kanye nokuphepha kwabagibeli. Isihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwale "nhliziyo" yi-Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kokushisa Kwebhethri (i-BTMS)Njengesistimu eyisisekelo ebaluleke kakhulu yebhasi likagesi elihlanzekile, isebenza njenge-"smart control control manager" eyenzelwe ibhethri likagesi, ilawula buthule izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwebhethri, ivumela ibhasi ukuthi lisebenze kahle nangokuphepha ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Uhlelo lokuphatha ukushisa kwebhethri likagesi oluhlanzekile luyisistimu yokulawula ehlakaniphile ehlanganisa ukuqapha izinga lokushisa, ukushisa, ukupholisa, kanye nokulinganisa izinga lokushisa. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukugcina izinga lokushisa lebhethri lamandla lingaphakathi kwebanga lokusebenza elifanele elingu-20-35℃, ngenkathi kulawulwa umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwamaseli ngamanye ngaphakathi kwebhethri kungabi ngaphezu kuka-3-5℃. Lokhu kuxazulula ngokuyisisekelo izinkinga zokuwohloka kokusebenza, isikhathi esifushane sokuphila, kanye nezingozi zokuphepha ezengeziwe zamabhethri kagesi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme neziphansi. Kumabhasi kagesi ahlanzekile asebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu, ibanga elide, kanye nezimo zokushaja nokukhipha njalo, futhi abhekene nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokushisa okukhulu nokubanda, ukubaluleka kwalolu hlelo kuyabonakala.
Ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kohlelo lokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri, kubalulekile ukuqonda kuqala "imikhuba" yamabhethri kagesi: amabhethri e-lithium azwela kakhulu ekushiseni. Njengoba nje abantu besebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa afanele, amabhethri kagesi afinyelela ukusebenza kahle kokushaja nokukhipha ishaja kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphakathi kwebanga lawo lokushisa elifanele, ngenkathi kunciphisa ingozi yokubaleka kokushisa. Lapho amazinga okushisa ephezulu kakhulu, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuyashesha, okuholela hhayi kuphela ekunciphiseni ububanzi kanye nokusebenza kodwa futhi nasezigamekweni zokuphepha ezingaba khona njengokuqhuma nomlilo. Lapho amazinga okushisa ephansi kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri kwehla kakhulu, kuze kuvimbele ukushaja okuvamile nokuqala, okuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwebhasi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezibandayo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wohlelo lokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri ukubhekana ngqo nalezi zindawo ezibuhlungu, ukuvikela ibhethri lamandla.
Isimiso sokusebenza sohlelo lokuphatha ukushisa kwebhethri (i-BTMS) ngokuyinhloko siwukufinyelela ukulawula okushisa okunembile kwebhethri ngokushintshana kwamandla kusekethe evaliwe. Yonke inqubo ilawulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo yi-BMS ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesandla. Kuye ngesizini kanye nokushisa okuzungezile, uhlelo lusebenza kakhulu ngezindlela ezintathu: ukupholisa, ukushisa, kanye nokulinganisa izinga lokushisa, ukushintshashintsha ngokuguquguqukayo phakathi kwazo ukuze kuvumelane nezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
Ezimweni zasehlobo ezishisa kakhulu, uhlelo lungena kwimodi yokupholisa. Lapho ibhethri likhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokushayela noma ukushaja, futhi inzwa yokushisa ithola izinga lokushisa lebhethri elingaphezu kuka-35°C, i-BMS ikhipha ngokushesha umyalo wokuvula ibhethri.iphampu yamanzi kagesi,ivalvu yamanzi kagesi, kanye ne-radiator (noma i-air conditioner chiller). I-coolant ijikeleza ku-closed-loop circuit, imunca kahle ukushisa okukhiqizwa yibhethri ngepuleti lokupholisa amanzi noma ipayipi le-serpentine phansi kwephakethe lebhethri. I-coolant, ethwala ukushisa, bese igeleza nge-radiator, ichithe ukushisa emoyeni wangaphandle. Uma izinga lokushisa lehla liye ezingeni elifanele, uhlelo lulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla alo okusebenza ukuze lulondoloze ukuzinza kwezinga lokushisa futhi luvimbele ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nomonakalo webhethri.
Ezimweni zasebusika ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa, uhlelo lushintshela kwimodi yokushisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile lehla ngaphansi kuka-10℃, okuvimbela ibhethri lamandla ekushajeni nasekukhipheni amandla ngendlela evamile, i-BMS (Uhlelo Lokuphatha Ibhethri) ivulaIsifudumezi se-PTCnoma uhlelo lwephampu yokushisa yemoto ukuze kushiswe i-coolant. I-coolant efudumele igeleza ngebhethri, idlulisele ukushisa kuseli ngayinye bese ifudumeza kancane kancane izinga lokushisa lebhethri liye ngaphezu kuka-10℃. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri lingashaja futhi likhiphe amandla ngendlela evamile, kunciphisa ngempumelelo inkinga yokwehla kwebanga ebusika. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amabhasi amaningi kagesi ahlanzekile ajwayelekile okwamanje asebenzisa inhlanganisela yephampu yokushisa kanye nokushisa kwe-PTC, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuthuthukisa ibanga.
Ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu neliphansi, ukulawulwa kokufana kwezinga lokushisa nakho kuwumsebenzi obalulekile wohlelo lokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri. Iphakethe lebhethri lamandla linamakhulu noma ngisho nezinkulungwane zamaseli axhunywe ngokulandelana nangokuhambisana. Umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kwamaseli ungaholela ekushajeni ngokweqile nasekukhipheni amanye amaseli, kusheshiswe ukuguga futhi kubangele nokwehla kokuvumelana kwamaseli, okuthinta ukusebenza okuphelele kanye nokuphepha kwephakethe lebhethri. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo luthuthukisa ukwakheka kwesiteshi sokugeleza kokupholisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-coolant igeleza ngokulinganayo kumojuli ngayinye yebhethri, iqinisekise izinga lokushisa elifanayo kakhulu leseli ngalinye ngaphakathi kwephakethe lebhethri futhi ikhulise isikhathi sokuphila sephakethe lebhethri.
Uhlelo oluphelele lokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri lwebhasi kagesi elihlanzekile luqukethe izingxenye eziningi eziyinhloko ezisebenza ngokubambisana, okungekho neyodwa yazo engashiywa. Izinzwa zokushisa zinesibopho sokuqoqwa kwedatha yokushisa ngesikhathi sangempela kusuka kumaseli ebhethri kanye ne-coolant, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sokulawula uhlelo; iphampu yamanzi kagesi inikeza amandla okujikeleza kwe-coolant, esebenza "njengomthombo wamandla" wokushintshana kwamandla; ama-valve amanzi kagesi anesibopho sokushintsha amasekethe, okwenza kube nokushintsha okuguquguqukayo phakathi kwezindlela zokushisa nokupholisa; ama-radiator nama-chiller asetshenziselwa ukushabalalisa ukushisa ehlobo, kuyilapho ama-heater e-PTC kanye nezinhlelo zephampu yokushisa zisetshenziselwa ukufudumeza ebusika; isilawuli sokuphathwa kokushisa kwebhethri (i-BMS noma i-TMS) "singubuchopho" besistimu yonke, sixhumanisa idatha yokushisa, sikhipha imiyalo yokulawula, futhi siqinisekisa ukusebenza kohlelo okuzinzile; ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezingxenye ezisizayo ezifana namapayipi okupholisa kanye namathangi okwandisa ukuqinisekisa ukuvalwa nokuzinza kwamasekethe.
Njengoba amabhasi kagesi ahlanzekile ethuthuka ebangeni elide, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, izinga lobuchwepheshe lezinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa kwebhethri nalo lithuthuka njalo. Kusukela ezinhlelweni zokuqala ezipholile emoyeni kuya ezinhlelweni zanamuhla ezipholile ngoketshezi, bese kuba yizixazululo zokuphatha ukushisa ezisebenzayo ezihlanganisa amaphampu okushisa kanye nokuguqulwa kwemvamisa okuhlakaniphile, ukunemba kokulawula izinga lokushisa kwesistimu, umphumela wokonga amandla, kanye nokuthembeka kuhlale kulungiswa. Namuhla, izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa kwebhethri ezithuthukisiwe azigcini nje ngokufeza ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile kodwa futhi zihlangana nesistimu yomoya kanye nesistimu yamandla yemoto ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezimoto jikelele futhi kuthuthukiswe umnotho wokusebenza.
Njenge-"thermostat" yamabhasi kagesi ahlanzekile, uhlelo lokuphatha ukushisa kwebhethri alugcini nje ngokuvikela ukuphepha nokuphila kwebhethri kagesi kodwa futhi lusekela ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamabhasi kagesi ahlanzekile kwezokuthutha zomphakathi. Lubhekana nezinselele zokusebenza kwamabhasi kagesi ahlanzekile ezindaweni zokushisa eziphakeme neziphansi, luthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwezimoto nokuphepha, futhi lubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokwenziwa kwamabhasi amasha amandla athandwe. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bebhethri kagesi kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kubuchwepheshe bokuphatha ukushisa, izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa kwebhethri zizoba zisebenza kahle, zihlakaniphe, futhi zonge amandla, zifake umfutho owengeziwe ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwamabhasi kagesi ahlanzekile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-03-2026
